Kazakhstan is the world’s ninth-largest country by land area, occupying the heart of the Eurasian continent. The Kazakh people, with deep-rooted nomadic traditions, have developed their unique history and culture against the backdrop of vast grasslands. In this post, we’ll explore the history of Kazakhstan, gather travel information, and delve into what makes Kazakhstan so captivating.
History of Kazakhstan
Nomadic Roots
For centuries, the region that is now Kazakhstan was home to powerful horse-riding nomadic empires including the Scythians, Huns, and Mongols. Thanks to its expansive plains and steppes, these mounted nomads exerted extensive influence and served as a link between Eastern and Western civilizations.
The Kazakh Khanate and Integration into the Russian Empire
In the mid-15th century, the Kazakh Khanate emerged, establishing the Kazakh people’s identity. During the Khanate period, the region’s unique nomadic culture fused with Islam, laying the foundation for modern Kazakh culture.
However, between the late 18th and 19th centuries, Russia gradually expanded into Central Asia, bringing Kazakh territories under the control of the Russian Empire.
Soviet Era and Independence
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union pursued forced collectivization and industrialization across the Kazakh region. Traditional nomadic life was rapidly dismantled; many Kazakhs fell victim to famine and forced relocation.
In 1991, the dissolution of the Soviet Union led to Kazakhstan’s independence. Under the country’s first president, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan laid the groundwork for national development. Building on its abundant oil and natural gas resources, the nation’s economy quickly grew, placing it on the global stage as an emerging power.
Highlights of Traveling in Kazakhstan
Astana (Nur-Sultan), the Capital
Kazakhstan’s capital city officially reverted to the name Astana in 2019 after temporarily being called Nur-Sultan. Its skyline blends cutting-edge skyscrapers with futuristic architecture, rivaling major European cities in modern style.
- Bayterek Tower: A symbolic structure of Astana. Ascend to the top for a panoramic view of the city.
- Hazret Sultan Mosque: One of the largest mosques in Central Asia, boasting elegant architectural features.
Almaty, the Former Capital
Almaty, the country’s largest metropolis and its former capital, remains Kazakhstan’s cultural and economic hub. Widely known as the “City of Apples,” Almaty’s streets showcase apple-themed souvenirs and tributes to its orchard heritage.
- Panfilov Park: A lush green space in the city center, featuring a memorial to young soldiers. Zenkov Cathedral within the park is famous for its beautiful Russian Orthodox design.
- Kok-Tobe Hill: A cable car ride to the summit offers sweeping views of Almaty’s downtown and the distant Tian Shan Mountains.
Adventures in the Great Outdoors
Kazakhstan’s true allure lies beyond its urban areas, in the pristine natural settings.
- Charyn Canyon: Nicknamed the “Little Grand Canyon,” this stunning gorge showcases red sandstone cliffs and awe-inspiring landscapes. Explore the canyon floor to feel the majesty of nature.
- Lake Kaindy: A mystical body of water where submerged conifer trees jut out above the surface. Renowned as a hotspot for diving and snorkeling.
- Kolsai Lakes: A trio of breathtaking lakes nestled in the foothills of the Tian Shan Mountains. Trekking routes lead you through turquoise waters and dense forests, a perfect respite from everyday stress.
Experiencing Nomadic Culture
A highlight of any trip to Kazakhstan is immersing yourself in its nomadic traditions.
- Yurt Stays: Spend a night under the endless steppe sky, sleeping in a traditional yurt. Marvel at the countless stars overhead.
- Horseback Riding: Visit local stables to experience horseback tours across the wide-open plains and learn firsthand about Kazakh nomadic life from locals.
Cuisine and Culture
- Baursak: A Kazakh fried bread—soft, airy, and delightfully savory.
- Beshbarmak: Meaning “five fingers,” this hearty dish of boiled meat and noodles is traditionally eaten by hand. A staple at family gatherings, it symbolizes warm hospitality.
- Tea Culture: Tea is central to daily life in Central Asia, and Kazakhstan is no exception. Expect to be welcomed with tea whenever you visit someone’s home or meet new friends.
Travel Tips
Visas and Transportation
- Visa: As of 2024, South Korean nationals can visit Kazakhstan for up to 30 days without a visa (check official sources in case of any updates before traveling).
- Flights: Direct flights connect Incheon International Airport with Almaty or Astana, taking roughly 7–8 hours, depending on the airline and season.
Climate and Clothing
Kazakhstan’s continental climate brings extremely cold winters and hot summers. In Almaty or Astana, winter temperatures often drop below –20°C (–4°F), so pack warm gear. For summer visits, bring a light jacket for chilly nights on the steppe.
Safety and Security
Kazakhstan’s major cities are generally safe, but be mindful of pickpockets and minor crime. Stick to well-lit areas at night and keep an eye on your belongings. Respect local laws and cultural norms to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip.
Conclusion
Kazakhstan fuses the legacy of its nomadic heritage with its emergence as a global energy powerhouse, evidenced in the rapid modernization of its cities. From Astana’s futuristic architecture to Almaty’s cultural charm and the vast landscapes where you can stay in a yurt, the country offers endless fascination for travelers.
Straddling the crossroads of Asia and Europe, Kazakhstan blends centuries of history with modern innovation. Experience the expansive skies and timeless wonders of the Eurasian steppe—an unforgettable journey awaits beneath the boundless horizon.